|
 仔豬存活率腹瀉，甚至存活率不高，可能跟母豬有莫大的關(guān)系。因此對(duì)仔豬活命至關(guān)重要的母源抗體和免疫活性細(xì)胞，不會(huì)經(jīng)胎盤傳遞，仔豬必須從初乳中獲取。而如果母豬的初乳不健康或被污染的話，將會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響豬仔。
隨著養(yǎng)殖經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累，人們對(duì)仔豬病原性腹瀉有了較多認(rèn)識(shí)，通過疫苗免疫和藥物治療多能解決，但對(duì)母源性腹瀉還沒有充分重視。
母源性腹瀉原因可分為：
1.奶水中母源抗體不足，新生仔豬得不到母源免疫力保護(hù)，易出現(xiàn)病原性腹瀉
對(duì)仔豬活命至關(guān)重要的母源抗體和免疫活性細(xì)胞，因?yàn)椴粫?huì)經(jīng)胎盤傳遞，仔豬必須從初乳中獲取，初生仔豬的腸壁具有獨(dú)特的胞飲作用，可直接吸收和利用初乳中的抗體及免疫活性細(xì)胞，這種特殊的吸收方式僅存在于出生后大約6小時(shí)內(nèi)，所以出生后6小時(shí)內(nèi)必須讓仔豬吃上初乳以抵抗早期感染，防止下痢等疾病。而奶水中的抗體多是蛋白，若產(chǎn)前母豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)不能滿足需求，體內(nèi)免疫因子合成必然受影響。所以產(chǎn)前一個(gè)月母豬的氨基酸補(bǔ)充尤為重要。
2.母豬奶水量不足，導(dǎo)致仔豬吃不飽，抵抗力下降，易于感染疾病，導(dǎo)致腹瀉甚至死亡
母豬產(chǎn)后無奶或奶水少的現(xiàn)象并不少見，但主要原因可歸為懷孕后期營(yíng)養(yǎng)不夠，乳腺未能充分發(fā)育；營(yíng)養(yǎng)不均衡，能量過高，造成肥胖和內(nèi)分泌失調(diào)；年老體弱不能對(duì)飼料有效吸收利用；有疾病感染。
3.奶水的有效營(yíng)養(yǎng)含量不足而導(dǎo)致的營(yíng)養(yǎng)性腹瀉
而母豬哺乳期采食量低，或攝入的營(yíng)養(yǎng)不全面，不能滿足仔豬生長(zhǎng)需要，則會(huì)動(dòng)用自身脂肪造乳，而這樣的奶水中并沒有足夠營(yíng)養(yǎng)，但脂肪過量，從而引起營(yíng)養(yǎng)性腹瀉。
4. 奶水中致病因子會(huì)導(dǎo)致仔豬非病原性腹瀉
如今的母豬，大多攜帶藍(lán)耳、附紅細(xì)胞體等多種病原，只是處在一個(gè)平衡狀態(tài)。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)入產(chǎn)房，缺水、炎熱、驚嚇、分娩等多種因素應(yīng)激時(shí)，體內(nèi)這種平衡受到?jīng)_擊，從自身抵抗力與致病因子間的對(duì)抗到重新建立平衡，導(dǎo)致母豬體內(nèi)有較多的炎性產(chǎn)物，從而奶水中出現(xiàn)了較多的炎性因子，仔豬吮吸乳汁后導(dǎo)致炎性產(chǎn)物中毒，造成哺乳仔豬腹瀉。若炎性因子持續(xù)存在，則會(huì)導(dǎo)致仔豬吃奶后病情嚴(yán)重的現(xiàn)象，最終無藥可治而死亡。如果給母豬輸液清除體內(nèi)有害物質(zhì)，即便治療及時(shí)，仔豬也會(huì)受到嚴(yán)重影響，往往終生生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育緩慢。
總之，減少母豬奶水炎性因子，要從良好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)、正確的管理入手。如產(chǎn)前一個(gè)月飼料中添加優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白、可提高免疫力的產(chǎn)品或能調(diào)節(jié)新陳代謝的產(chǎn)品，減少母豬應(yīng)激，從而達(dá)到母豬健康，仔豬平安。
The English version
Survival piglets diarrhea, and even survival rate is not high, may have great relationship with the sow. So is very important to live piglets maternal antibodies and immune activity of cells, not through the placenta, piglet must obtain from colostrum. And if the sow colostrum unhealthy or contaminated, will seriously affect the pigs.
As breeding experience, people have more understanding to pathogenicity diarrhea piglets, can solve by vaccine and drug treatment, but the mother source sex diarrhea has not been fully appreciated.
Mother source sex diarrhea cause can be divided into:
1. Milk is insufficient, maternal antibody in newborn piglets without maternal immunity protection, easy appear pathogenicity diarrhea
Is very important to live piglets maternal antibodies and the activity of immune cells, because not through the placenta, piglet must obtain from colostrum, the newborn piglets intestinal wall have unique pinocytosis effect, can be directly absorbed and using the antibody and immune active cells in the colostrum, the absorption of this special way exists only in about 6 hours after birth, so within 6 hours after birth must let piglets eat colostrum to resist early infection, prevent diseases such as diarrhea. While the antibodies in the milk protein, if prenatal sow nutrition can't meet demand and the body immune factor synthesis will be affected. A month so it sows amino acid supplement is particularly important.
2. The sow milk water shortage, resulting in piglets do not have enough to eat, resistance to drop, easy to infection, cause diarrhea and even death
Sow postpartum no milk or milk less phenomenon is not uncommon, but the main reason can be classified into late pregnancy nutrition is not enough, mammary gland failed to fully developed; Nutrition disequilibrium, high energy, resulting in obesity and endocrine disorders; Elderly and unable to feed effective absorption; Have disease.
3. The milk nutritional diarrhea caused by insufficient effective nutrient content
The sow lactation feed intake is low, nutrition or not comprehensive, cannot meet the needs of the growth of piglets, will use their fat milk, and this kind of milk was not enough nutrition, but fat excessive can cause nutritional diarrhea.
4. Pathogenic factor in the milk can lead to avirulence diarrhea piglets
Now sow, mostly carrying blue ear, with a variety of pathogens, such as red cell body is in a state of equilibrium. When into the delivery room, water, heat, frightened, delivery to many factors such as stress, the balance in the body, from their resistance against pathogenic factor between to reestablish balance, lead to sow more inflammatory products in the body, thus more inflammatory cytokines have been found in breast milk, leading to inflammatory products poisoning after Suckling piglets, causing diarrhea piglets lactation. If persistent inflammatory factor, it can lead to severe phenomenon after eating milk piglets, ultimately no cure for death. If to sow fluids in the body by scavenging harmful substances, even if timely treatment, piglets will be severely affected, a lifetime of slow growth.
In short, reduce milk inflammatory factor, to being a good nutrition, proper management. Such as a month of adding high quality protein feed, can improve the immunity or can regulate metabolism product, reduce the sow stress, so as to achieve the sow health, piglet and peace.
|
