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2016年，從北京、福建、安徽、山東、廣東、湖南等20個省市收集839份飼料及飼料原料，檢測了其中對畜禽生產(chǎn)影響較大的黃曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮和嘔吐毒素含量。
結(jié)果顯示，黃曲霉毒素B1普遍污染較輕，玉米胚芽粕有個別樣品超標；蛋白粉和玉米胚芽粕中玉米赤霉烯酮污染較為嚴重；各類樣品嘔吐毒素污染水平都較高，以DDGS、麩皮、面粉、小麥污染最為嚴重。
將這20省市分為華南、華北、華東、華中等區(qū)域，我們對其結(jié)果進行了統(tǒng)計和分析，不同地區(qū)3種霉菌毒素污染情況結(jié)果如下：
華北地區(qū)
華北地區(qū)飼料及飼料原料共82份樣品中，麩皮樣品嘔吐毒素污染嚴重，超標率達57.1%，平均含量1066.8μg/kg，玉米中嘔吐毒素平均含量為777.2μg/kg，超標率為28.9%；全價料有個別樣品出現(xiàn)黃曲霉毒素超標的情況，但污染情況較輕；飼料及各類飼料原料中玉米赤霉烯酮均無超標（圖1）。
圖1 華北地區(qū)3種霉菌毒素污染情況
華東地區(qū)
華東地區(qū)共檢測飼料及飼料原料405份，其中嘔吐毒素污染最為嚴重，全價料和玉米中3種霉菌毒素均有個別樣品超標，且嘔吐毒素超標的樣品較多，玉米赤霉烯酮和黃曲霉毒素B1污染程度較為輕微；麩皮嘔吐毒素超標非常嚴重，超標率高達75%，且樣品嘔吐毒素平均含量達到2626μg/kg，麩皮中玉米赤霉烯酮和黃曲霉毒素B1沒有超標且污染程度輕微（圖2）。
圖2 華東地區(qū)3種霉菌毒素污染情況
華南地區(qū)
華南地區(qū)檢測飼料及飼料原料樣品共147份，各類樣品受嘔吐毒素污染較為嚴重，其次為玉米赤霉烯酮。全價料和玉米中嘔吐毒素超標率均在20%左右，平均含量在1000μg/kg左右，污染情況相對嚴重，玉米赤霉烯酮和黃曲霉毒素B1的超標率均在5%左右，且平均含量較低，污染程度輕微；麩皮嘔吐毒素超標率高達88.9%，平均含量4524.5μg/kg，污染情況非常嚴重（圖3）。
圖3華南地區(qū)3種霉菌毒素污染情況
華中地區(qū)
華中地區(qū)檢測飼料及飼料原料共149份，其中嘔吐毒素污染最為嚴重，其次為黃曲霉毒素B1。全價料中嘔吐毒素超標率為37.1%，平均含量為1755.5μg/kg，黃曲霉毒素B1超標率為10%；玉米中嘔吐毒素超標率為20.5%，平均含量為878.6μg/kg，黃曲霉毒素B1超標率為12.8%，平均含量30.6μg/kg；麩皮主要受嘔吐毒素污染，超標率76.9%，平均含量達2701.4μg/kg（圖4）。
圖4 華中地區(qū)3種霉菌毒素污染情況
小結(jié)
2016年飼料及飼料原料受嘔吐毒素污染最為嚴重，且樣品污染水平主要以中度污染及嚴重污染為主；其次為玉米赤霉烯酮，除蛋白粉和玉米胚芽粕污染程度較為嚴重外，其他樣品主要受到輕微污染；黃曲霉毒素B1的污染程度普遍較輕。
2016年霉菌毒素污染水平呈現(xiàn)出區(qū)域差異，各地區(qū)樣品主要以嘔吐毒素污染為主，且麩皮為重點污染對象；其中華南地區(qū)的污染水平最為嚴重，其次為華東和華中地區(qū)，華北地區(qū)污染情況相對較輕；雖然黃曲霉毒素B1整體的污染水平不高，但華中地區(qū)樣品的黃曲霉毒素B1超標率高于其他地區(qū)。
The English version
In 2016, from Beijing, fujian, anhui, shandong, guangdong, hunan and other 20 provinces and cities to collect 839 feed and feed raw materials, tested the influence on livestock and poultry production of aflatoxin B1, corn gibberellic ketene and vomiting toxins content.
, according to the results of aflatoxin B1 widespread pollution lighter, corn germ meal a few sample standard, Protein powder and corn germ meal, corn gibberellic ketene pollution is more serious; Vomiting toxins pollution level is higher, all kinds of samples and DDGS, wheat bran, wheat flour, pollution is most serious.
 
The 20 provinces and cities can be divided into south China, north China, east China, central China area, we carried on the statistics and analysis to the result, three different regions mycotoxin contamination situation results are as follows:
In north China
Feed and feed raw materials in north China, a total of 82 samples, the samples of bran vomiting toxins pollution is serious, which reaches 57.1%, the average content of 1066.8 mu g/kg, vomiting toxins average content in corn is 777.2 mu g/kg, which is 28.9%; Full price is expected to have individual sample aflatoxin exceeds bid, but to a lesser pollution; Feed and feed raw material of corn gibberellic ketene no overweight (figure 1).
Figure 1 3 kinds of mycotoxin contamination in north China
East China area
East China detected 405 feed and feed ingredients, including vomiting toxins pollution is most serious, three kinds of mycotoxins in full price feed and corn are individual samples, and excessive vomiting toxins samples is more, corn gibberellic ketene and aflatoxin B1 relatively mild pollution degree; Bran vomiting toxins paint is very serious, which is as high as 75%, and average content of 2626 samples vomiting toxin mu g/kg, bran corn gibberellic ketene and aflatoxin B1 in not overweight and pollution levels (figure 2).
Figure 2 3 kinds of mycotoxin contamination situation in east China
In south China
Detection of feed and feed raw materials in south China a total of 147 samples, all kinds of samples by vomiting toxins pollution is relatively serious, followed by corn gibberellic ketene. Vomiting toxins which in the full price feed and corn are around 20%, the average level in the 1000 mu g/kg, pollution is relatively serious, corn gibberellic ketene and aflatoxin B1 which are around 5%, the average level is low, and mild pollution degree; Bran vomiting toxins which is as high as 88.9%, the average content of 4524.5 mu g/kg, pollution is very serious (figure 3).
Figure 3 3 kinds of mycotoxin contamination situation in south China
In central China
Detection of feed and feed ingredients, a total of 149 in central China, including vomiting toxins pollution is most serious, followed by aflatoxin B1. Vomiting toxins which full of material was 37.1%, the average level of 1755.5 mu g/kg, aflatoxin B1 which is 10%; The corn vomiting toxins which is 20.5%, the average content of 878.6 mu g/kg, aflatoxin B1 which is 12.8%, the average content of 30.6 mu g/kg; Bran is mainly polluted by vomiting toxins, which 76.9%, the average level of 2701.4 mu g/kg (figure 4).
Figure 4 three mycotoxin contamination in central China
summary
Feed and feed raw materials contaminated with vomiting toxins in 2016, the worst pollution levels and the samples are mainly composed of moderate and severe pollution; Followed by corn gibberellic ketene, in addition to protein powder and corn germ meal pollution serious, other samples are mainly slight pollution; The pollution level of the aflatoxin B1 is general light.
2016 mycotoxin contamination level presents the regional differences, regional samples are mainly composed of vomiting toxins pollution, and pollution mainly for bran; The pollution levels in south China is most serious, followed by east China and central China, north China region relatively light pollution; Though the contamination of aflatoxin B1 level is not high, but in central China the aflatoxin B1 which is higher than other regions of the sample.
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