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新希望六和品管部總經(jīng)理郭吉原博士在畜牧發(fā)展與飼料安全會議上分享了從飼料原料與成品霉菌毒素污染調(diào)查和霉菌毒素吸附劑的評估方法研究：
一、三種常見的霉菌毒素的污染程度
項(xiàng)目無污染輕度污染中度污染嚴(yán)重污染
黃曲霉毒素B1的標(biāo)未檢出＜5ppb 5-15ppb ＞15ppb
玉米赤霉烯酮未檢出＜100ppb 100-500ppb＞500ppb
嘔吐毒素未檢出＜0.5ppm 0.5-1ppm ＞1ppm
有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后然后對新希望六和的樣品以及市場上飼料公司的成品進(jìn)行了分析（本季度和2014年季度）的霉菌毒素進(jìn)行了對比（原料樣品玉米、小麥來自河南、山東、河北、東北等十幾個糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)，樣品來源為六和哥分公司，共計(jì)1500份樣品，飼料成平來自于市場上的飼料產(chǎn)品）
原料分析情況如下
1、玉米：2015年一季度玉米嘔吐毒素污染達(dá)到27%，比2014年同期16%超出10個百分點(diǎn)，但是AFB1和F-2毒素較2014年有所減輕；
2、小麥：2015年一季度小麥毒素污染情況與2014一樣嚴(yán)重，
3、棉粕：較2014一季度減輕較多；
4、玉米胚芽粕：DON污染比較嚴(yán)重，尤其F-2和AFB1嚴(yán)重污染，原料控制難度加大（目前市場上的玉米胚芽粕參假較多，多是以玉米漿噴到玉米皮上，噴漿玉米皮，而玉米皮中得毒素的很嚴(yán)重的，加上玉米漿也有污染的毒素存在，所以建議豬料中不使用胚芽粕）
5、國產(chǎn)DDGS：較2014一季度，DON的污染加劇，嚴(yán)重污染率達(dá)到70%，原料控制難度加大
6、進(jìn)口DDGS：DON污染加劇，最高含量為25.5ppm，嚴(yán)重污染率達(dá)到64%，原料控制難度加大；（以前進(jìn)口DDGS基本未檢出DON，現(xiàn)在基本上要整箱的檢測，加大檢測力度）
7、麩皮：DON由于受小麥影響，嚴(yán)重污染達(dá)到29%，較2014年持平；
8、玉米蛋白粉：較2014年一季度污染加劇，達(dá)到33%
小結(jié)：
A、一季度玉米嘔吐毒素污染程度加劇，嚴(yán)重污染率達(dá)到27%
B、花生粕中得AFB1污染仍舊嚴(yán)峻，嚴(yán)重程度達(dá)到83%
C、菜粕、棉粕黃曲霉素污染減輕
D、國產(chǎn)DDGS和進(jìn)口DDGS嘔吐毒素污染較往年加劇
E、玉米胚芽粕受F-2污染嚴(yán)重，嚴(yán)重污染率達(dá)到100%
接下來是市場上飼料成品中霉菌毒素調(diào)查
1、豬料：相比2014年，小豬料受F-2、DON污染加重，F(xiàn)-2嚴(yán)重污染比率達(dá)到26%，DON嚴(yán)重污染率達(dá)到38%，急需加強(qiáng)原料控制力度
2、奶牛料：2015年一季度，霉菌毒素污染率普遍較2014年加劇，應(yīng)引起飼料廠家相關(guān)技術(shù)人員高度關(guān)注
原料和成品總結(jié)：
A、玉米、玉米副產(chǎn)品嘔吐毒素污染加劇
B、玉米胚芽粕F-2污染相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重
C、成品樣嘔吐毒素污染較2014年加劇，應(yīng)引起高度關(guān)注
D、2015年第一季度，原料嘔吐毒素污染較2014年普遍加劇，原料質(zhì)量霉菌毒素控制難度加大，采購難度加大；
E、應(yīng)適當(dāng)采取技術(shù)措施（添加霉菌毒素吸附劑、玉米脫皮、水洗原料、使用優(yōu)質(zhì)原料）降低風(fēng)險；
F、增加對霉菌毒素的監(jiān)控力度，采購要在源頭選擇方面更加努力；
二、霉菌毒素吸附劑的評估方法
1、農(nóng)業(yè)部的三個目錄中沒有“霉菌毒素吸附劑”這個條款，官方?jīng)]有此類原料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和評估方法。
2、對于“霉菌毒素吸附劑”的評估方法，企業(yè)普遍采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品直接加入法，每個企業(yè)都有很好的數(shù)據(jù)
3、霉菌毒素吸附劑的選擇：評估方法很重要，方法+數(shù)據(jù)=效果，其中的方法明確說明毒素是如何轉(zhuǎn)移的；這個很重要；
三、常見的評估方法
1：標(biāo)品加入直接提取法
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：易于操作
缺點(diǎn)：脫離實(shí)際情況，吸附效果得到放大，數(shù)據(jù)不可靠
2 空白基質(zhì)+標(biāo)品法
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：增加了干擾因子
缺點(diǎn)：毒素仍是游離狀態(tài)，吸附效果得到放大，數(shù)據(jù)仍然不可靠
3、六和的評估方法：仿生吸附分離評估法
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：接近真實(shí)環(huán)境，明確毒素轉(zhuǎn)移的過程
缺點(diǎn)：分離方法困難，回收率75%，適用范圍�。ㄟm用于礦物質(zhì)做載體的產(chǎn)品）
其中發(fā)現(xiàn)，分理出的吸附劑與霉菌毒素形成的物質(zhì)，按常規(guī)提取檢測不到毒素，必須經(jīng)過處理才能進(jìn)行檢測；
總結(jié)：
A、霉菌毒素吸附劑的作用：總的評價有一定的效果，但是不可能把霉變很嚴(yán)重的原料變?yōu)閮?yōu)質(zhì)原料。針對其中某些毒素的效果是可以的，但能全面兼顧的技術(shù)難度很大；
B、霉菌毒素吸附劑的評估方法：體委方法決定數(shù)據(jù)的好壞，沒有公認(rèn)的體外方法；缺少標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；體內(nèi)和體外結(jié)合是研究方向；
C、霉菌毒素吸附劑的評價：是困難的工作，技術(shù)難度大。僅憑養(yǎng)殖效果評價，影響因素太多，結(jié)果存在主觀導(dǎo)向問題。
綜上所述，天地圣農(nóng) 和美嘉 傾情為您推薦天地圣農(nóng)高純蒙脫石
The English version
New hope and quality management department general manager Dr Guo Jiyuan respectively in the development of animal husbandry and feed safety meeting to share the mycotoxin contamination from the feed raw materials and finished product investigation and evaluation method of mycotoxins adsorbent research:
One, three common mycotoxin contamination degree
Project pollution-free mild moderate pollution serious pollution
Aflatoxin B1 standard did not check out < 5 parts per 5-15 PPB > 15 PPB
Corn gibberellic ketene did not check out < 100 PPB in 100-500 PPB > 500 PPB
Vomiting toxins did not check out < 0.5 PPM 0.5 1 PPM > 1 PPM
With standard samples and then the new hope and after feed on the market the company's products are analyzed, and this quarter quarter 2014) compares the mycotoxin (raw material samples of corn and wheat from henan, shandong, hebei, northeast a dozen major grain-producing areas, such as sample source for Saturday and elder brother branch a total of 1500 samples, the feed cost from the feed products on the market)
Raw material analysis as follows
1, corn: in the first quarter of 2015 corn vomiting toxins pollution reached 27%, 16% than the same period in 2014, more than 10%, but the AFB1 and F - 2 toxin reduced from 2014;
2, wheat: in the first quarter of 2015 wheat toxin pollution and 2014 serious case,
3, cotton pulp, reduce more than 2014 quarter;
4, corn germ meal: DON pollution is serious, serious pollution, especially F - 2 and AFB1 increased difficulties of raw material control (currently on the market of corn germ meal more false, more is the corn paste onto the corn husk, corn husk of spray, and corn husk of toxin is very serious, the toxin pollution plus corn syrup also exist, so suggest not to use in pig feed germ meal)
5, domestic DDGS: in the first three months of 2014, DON's worsening pollution, serious pollution rate of 70%, raw material control
6, import DDGS: DON worsening pollution, the highest content of 25.5 PPM, serious pollution rate of 64%, raw material control harder; (previously imported DDGS basic did not check out the DON, now basically to the whole case detection, intensify inspection)
7, bran: DON due to the effect of wheat, serious pollution reached 29%, relatively flat in 2014;
8, corn protein powder: the first quarter of 2014 increased pollution, up to 33%
Summary:
A, in the first quarter of corn vomiting toxins pollution aggravate, serious pollution rate of 27%
B, peanut meal, AFB1 in pollution is still severe, the severity of up to 83%
C, rapeseed meal, cotton pulp aflatoxin contamination
D, domestic and imported DDGS DDGS vomiting toxins are worse pollution
E, corn germ meal by F - 2 pollution is serious, serious pollution rate of 100%
Next is the mycotoxins in feed products on the market survey
1, pig feed, compared with 2014, the pig is polluted by F - 2, DON is aggravating, F - 2 serious pollution rate reached 26%, for serious pollution rate of 38%, in urgent need to strengthen control over raw materials
2, cow material: in the first quarter of 2015, mycotoxin contamination rate is generally 2014, feed manufacturers, related technical personnel should be paid close attention to
Conclusion: raw materials and finished products
A, corn, corn byproducts vomiting toxins pollution aggravate
B, corn germ meal - 2 F pollution is quite serious
C, the finished product sample vomiting toxins from 2014 worse pollution, should cause high attention
D, in the first quarter of 2015, raw materials and 2014 common vomiting toxins pollution aggravate, raw material quality control mycotoxin harder, purchasing harder;
E, should take appropriate technical measures (add mycotoxins adsorbent, corn peeling, washing raw materials, using high quality raw materials) to reduce risk;
F, increase its monitoring of the mycotoxin, procurement should be more efforts to source selection in;
Second, the evaluation methods of mycotoxins adsorbent
1, the ministry of agriculture of three directory without the clause of mycotoxins adsorbent, the official had no such raw material standard and evaluation methods.
2, for the mycotoxins adsorbent evaluation methods, generally adopts the standard addition method directly, each enterprise has a good data
3, the choice of mycotoxins adsorbent: evaluation method is very important, method + data = effect, one of the methods specified toxin is how to transfer; This is very important;
Third, common evaluation methods
1: the product to join direct extraction method
Advantages: easy to operate
Disadvantages: from actual conditions, adsorption effect is magnified, unreliable data
2 blank substrate + standard method
Advantages: increase the interference factor
Disadvantages: toxin is still a free state, the adsorption effect is magnified, the data is still not reliable
3, 6 and assessment methods: bionic adsorption separation method
Advantages: close to the real environment, clear toxin transfer process
Disadvantages: difficult separation method, the recovery rate of 75%, the applicable scope small (applicable to carrier minerals do products)
Which found that isolating the adsorbent and mycotoxins forming material, according to the conventional extraction undetectable poison, must pass through processing to detect;
Conclusion:
A, the role of mycotoxins adsorbent: general evaluation has certain effect, but could not put the mould very serious raw material into high quality raw material. For the effect of some of the toxin is allowed, but can a comprehensive technical difficulty;
B, mycotoxins adsorbent evaluation methods: sports commission decision data of good or bad, is not recognized in vitro method; Lack of standards; In vivo and in vitro is the research direction;
Evaluation: C, mycotoxins adsorbent is hard work, the technical difficulty is big. With only a breeding effect evaluation, too many influence factors, subjective orientation problems result.
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